The brain is make of billions of neurons. These neurons help switch and control information throughout the bod. Drug and alcohol adversely affect the functioning and process of brain .

Throughout the process neurons put out neurotransmitters that send message to the other sections of body. It's important to note that different substances can have varying impacts, and individual responses can also vary.

How Alcohol And Drugs Affect The Brain 

Alcohol

Depressant Effects

Alcohol slows down brain function. It enhances the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), leading to relaxation and a sense of euphoria.

Impaired Judgment and Coordination

Alcohol affects areas of the brain responsible for judgment and coordination, because of which decision-making skill become impaired.

Memory and Learning

 Drinking too much alcohol might affect one's memory and cognitive abilities. Chronic alcohol consumption can cause disorders like impair memory and learning, such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Addiction 

Chronic alcohol use can lead to the development of alcohol dependence or alcohol use disorder, which involves changes in the brain's reward and motivation systems.

Drugs (including illicit substances)

Dopamine Release

Many drugs, including stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, cause an increase in dopamine levels in the brain's reward system. This contributes to the euphoria and pleasure associated with drug use.

Impact on Neurotransmitters

Drugs can affect various neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. This causes alterations in mood, motivation, and pleasure.

Changes in Brain Structure

Long-term drug use can alter the structure of the brain, affecting the areas responsible for memory, learning, judgment, and decision-making.

Tolerance and Dependence

 When a medicine is used repeatedly, tolerance can develop then we require greater doses to provide the same effects. Additionally, a physical and psychological dependency on the chemical also develop.

Withdrawal Symptoms

When someone stops using drugs after they become dependent, they may experience withdrawal symptoms, which can range from pain to serious physiological effects.

Addiction

Addiction is a condition marked by an obsessive craving for a drug despite its negative effects. This involves changes in the reward and stress systems in the brain.

 Conclusion

It's important to remember that different substances have different effects on the brain depending on their nature, dosage, frequency of use, and individual characteristics.  Seeking professional help is important for individuals struggling with substance abuse to address both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction.